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< Back Current Regulating Diodes Introduction Abstract: Many analog circuit designs have the need for current regulation. Examples include circuits that process signals from sensors, circuits that amplify, and voltage reference or regulators. Current regulation can be referred to as a current source or a Norton device/equivalent circuit (cf. Thevenin equivalent circuit). Read More

Discover our diverse product line of innovative solutions at 4042 Clipper Court, Fremont, CA, USA. From Ultra-Low-Noise JFETs to Current Regulating Diodes, DMOS High-Speed Switches, MOSFETs, Bipolar Transistors, Low Leakage Diodes, and Voltage Controlled Resistors, we offer cutting-edge technology to meet your needs. Find the perfect solution for your requirements today! Our Products Linear Systems specializes in manufacturing high-performance small-signal discrete semiconductors, including ultra-low-noise monolithic dual and single JFETs, high-speed lateral DMOS switches, low-leakage diodes, current-regulating diodes, monolithic dual transistors, MOSFETs, BiFET amplifiers, and voltage-controlled resistors. Our products are recognized for their precision, reliability, and performance, serving applications in military sensors, industrial controls, high-end audio equipment, medical electronics, and test and measurement instruments. Notably, our LSK series, featuring the LSK389 and LSK170 ultra-low-noise N-channel JFETs, is designed for the most demanding applications. Our high-speed lateral DMOS switches, including single and quad nanosecond switches, offer exceptional performance with minimal crosstalk. Additionally, our PAD series of low-leakage diodes provides superior alternatives when reverse current must be minimized, with leakage currents ranging from -1 pA to -100 pA. Since 1987, we have been committed to delivering cutting-edge semiconductor solutions that meet the evolving needs of our customers. JFET Amplifiers Duals JFET Amplifiers Singles JFET Switches DMOS High Speed Switches Low Leakage Diodes Current Regulating Diodes Bipolar Transistors MOSFETs Voltage Controlled Resistors BIFET Amplifier Sample Boxes

< Back LSK170 Press Release Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 Direct Replacement for Toshiba 2SK170 LINEAR INTEGRATED SYSTEMS NEW ULTRA LOW NOISE JFETs TARGET AUDIO, INSTRUMENTATION, MEDICAL AND SENSORS LSK170 SERIES DELIVERS DIRECT PIN FOR PIN REPLACEMENT OF TOSHIBA'S 2SK170 FREMONT, Calif. January 25, 2005 Linear Integrated Systems, a leading full-service manufacturer of specialty linear semiconductors, announces the immediate availability of its LSK170 series of JFETs, optimized to provide low noise at both high and low frequency with a narrow range of IDSS and low capacitance. The LSK170's low noise to capacitance ratio and narrow range of low value IDSS provide solutions for low noise applications which cannot tolerate high values of capacitance or wide ranges of IDSS. The LSK170 offers a voltage noise (en) of 1nv/hz @ 1khz, 2nv/hz @ 10hz typical and a High Gain (yfs, 22ms), with only 22pf of capacitance (Ciss). This series has three grades of IDSS range: 2.6-6mA, 6.0-12mA, and 10-20mA. The narrow ranges of IDSS binning with the LSK170 promote ease of design tolerancing, particularly in low voltage applications. The LSK170 is ideal for portable battery operated applications, and features high BVDSS for maximum linear headroom in high transient program content amplifiers. The series has a uniquely linear VGS transfer function for a stability that is highly desirable, particularly for audio front-end preamplifiers. The device is available in surface mount SOT-23 and thru-hole TO-92 packages. The surface mount version of the LSK170 series creates new opportunities for engineers seeking to design lower noise circuits in compact embeddable applications where shielding and space is critical and are not supported with the traditional TO-92 package. The LSK170 series is a pin for pin replacement of the Toshiba 2SK170 and improved functional replacement for the Interfet IF1320, IF1330, IF1331, and IF4500. Superior Performance, Domestic Source The LSK170 is specifically designed for low noise, high input impedance applications within the audio, instrumentation, medical and sensors markets. Our new LSK170 series feature a unique low noise profile having nearly zero popcorn noise," says Dr. John Hall, Linear Integrated Systems founder and president. "Utilizing large scale integrated circuit technology to build the LSK170 series allows LIS to achieve the goals of high transconductance, low noise and a low value of gate to drain capacitance. This combined with recent developments in Ion Implant technology optimized for low noise has allowed the creation of this state-of-the-art product." Linear Integrated Systems domestic in-factory stock guarantees short lead times, ensuring no disruption in production schedules. Summary of Features: Low Noise (en <1 nv/hz @ 1khz, 2 nv/hz @ 10hz typ) Low Capacitance (20pf typ) High Input Impedance Availability in narrow IDSS grades/ranges (2.6-6mA, 6.0=12mA and 10-20mA) High Gain (Yfs = 22mS typ) High Breakdown Voltage (BVGSS = 40V Min) Improved pin for pin replacement for Toshiba 2SK170 Surface mount SOT23 version (not offered by Toshiba 2SK170) Improved functional replacement for Interfet IF1320, IF1330, IF1331, and IF4500 Applications: Audio amplifiers and preamps, discrete low-noise operational amplifiers, battery-operated audio preamps, guitar pickups, effects pedals, microphones, audio mixer consoles, acoustic sensors, sonobouys, hydrophones, chemical and radiation detectors, instrumentation amplifiers, accelerometers, CT scanners input stages, oscilloscope input stages, electrometers and vibrations detectors. Price: LSK170A TO-92 3L = $4.46 (1,000+ pieces), LSK170A SOT-23 3L = $4.62 (1,000+ pieces) Availability: Sampling now in SOT-23 and TO-92 package options Delivery: Factory Stock About Linear Integrated Systems Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. is a U.S.-based, full service manufacturer of specialty linear products founded in 1987 with headquarters in Fremont, California. The company's small-signal discrete product lines are specifically designed to service the new design and second-source requirements of customers in the audio, hybrid, medical, space, test and measurement markets. Linear Integrated Systems supplies pin for pin replacements for more than 2,000 discrete devices currently offered or discontinued by Interfet, Intersil, Micro Power Systems, Motorola, National, Fairchild, Toshiba, and Siliconix-Vishay. Linear Integrated Systems has more than 35 years of design and process expertise in JFET and transistor manufacturing. The company’s founder, Dr. John Hall, has an established track record of leadership within various segments of the semiconductor industry, including the founding of Intersil and Micro Power Systems, development of the first 1 Volt CMOS digital watch and numerous related semiconductor patents. Engineers are invited to contact Linear Integrated Systems for assistance with application or special testing issues. Phone 510-490-9160 Fax: 510-353-0261 Email: sales@linearsystems.com Website: www.linearsystems.com

P-CHANNEL JFET, VOLTAGE CONTROLLED RESISTOR < Back LS26VPS_ P-CHANNEL JFET, VOLTAGE CONTROLLED RESISTOR The LS26VPS is a P-Channel Single JFET voltage-controlled resistor. It has a drain-source resistance that is controlled by a DC bias voltage (VGS) applied to a high impedance gate terminal. Minimum RDS of 20 Ω occurs when VGS = 3.0V. As VGS approaches the pinch-off voltage of 7.5V, RDS rapidly increases to the maximum value or RDS = 50 Ω. For the N-Channel version, please see our LS26VNS. Both the N and P-channel parts are made from the same die geometry, making them complimentary. This part is available in the TO-92 3L RoHS, SOT-23 3L RoHS and DFN 8L RoHS package, as well as in die form. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering information Below are the options you have when ordering this part: LS26VPS TO-92 3L RoHS LS26VPS SOT-23 3L RoHS LS26VPS DFN 8L RoHS Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back DFN Sample Kit Overview Now it’s easier than ever to test-drive Linear Systems’ most popular parts in one of the industry’s smallest leadless packages. This kit includes a sampling of discretes in the near chip scale footprint, DFN 8L package. The DFN package is a plastic encapsulated package with a copper lead frame substrate. It offers a thin profile, low weight and good thermal and electrical performance. Electrical contact to the PCB is made by soldering perimeter leads to PCB. There is no die attach pad exposed on the bottom surface of the package, which provides more flexible PCB level circuitry routing and in some cases, more thermal resistance for the heat conduction from PCB to component. In this kit you will receive 3 pieces of each of the following parts: 174 DFN 8L RoHS: P-Channel, Single, JFET Switch 4392 DFN 8L RoHS: Low Noise, N-Channel JFET Switch PAD5 DFN 8L RoHS: Low Leakage, Single, Pico-Amp Diode 589 DFN 8L RoHS: Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET 489 DFN 8L RoHS: Low Noise, Low Capacitance, Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET 689 DFN 8L RoHS: Low Noise, Low Capacitance, Monolithic Dual, P-Channel JFET 352 DFN 8L RoHS: Tightly Matched, Monolithic Dual, PNP Transistor 312 DFN 8L RoHS: Tightly Matched, Monolithic Dual, NPN Transistor Ordering Information When ordering this kit please use the following part call out: DFN SAMPLE BOX

MONOLITHIC-DUEL, P-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT MODE MOSFET < Back 3N190 Series MONOLITHIC-DUEL, P-CHANNEL ENHANCEMENT MODE MOSFET The 3N190 Series Monolithic-Duel, P-Channel Enhancement Mode MOSFET is a direct replacement for Intersil and Siliconix-Vishay equivalent part. It is ideal for Amplifier and Switching Applications. This part series is available in TO-78 7L RoHS package, as well as in die form. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: 3N190 TO-78 7L RoHS 3N191 TO-78 7L RoHS Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back Cloud Microphones Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 Keeping the Family Business Going Cloud Microphones Among the more lamented departures from the world of electronics was RCA's microphone business. A few years ago I visited the college radio station where I'd worked in the 80s, and one of my former professors was proudly showing off an RCA 44A ribbon microphone the school had acquired. Though it had a few dents and scratches, it was a work of art. Soon after I saw it, the university's music department borrowed the mic for recording sessions and never gave it back. A typical RCA 44A ribbon microphone(Source: Wikipedia) Like original McIntosh MC275 amps, old ribbon microphones are collected because, when used correctly, they produce sounds hard to get elsewhere. But eventually even the vintage electronics section of eBay runs dry.One of the companies helping to provide new ribbon microphones and preamps, Cloud Microphones, has been able to continue the work RCA did through collaboration between a musician/businessman, Rodger Cloud, and Stephen Sank, son of RCA's ribbon microphone designer Jon R. Sank.Jon Sank had done design work at RCA that included the BK-10A and the BK-11. When he passed away in 1998, he left Stephen with the knowledge and other tools to continue the ribbon microphone work that RCA had left behind.Cloud came to Tucson as a singer/songwriter and started getting involved with bands and recording music. Sank moved into an office suite next door to Cloud's studio, and in 2006 they started working together.“So we collaborated on the initial designs of some of the mics, and I worked with him first refurbishing the vintage mics and so forth, and I really fell in love with the technology as it was in the 1930s and 1940s. It was just pretty darn great,” Cloud told me. “However, there were certainly challenges with the technology, most notably those types of microphones had a really weak sensitivity and are really difficult to deal with in terms of amplifying them.”Cloud said that even with exceptional amplifiers, it was very difficult to use ribbon microphones to record some softer sounds because of the gain requirements. This led Sank and Cloud to develop the JRS-34 ribbon microphone, named in honor of Sank's father and noting the year he was born. Rodger Cloud with his version of the RCA mic “As we worked on it, I really felt the need for an active microphone,” Cloud said. “And we really pushed ourselves to come up with something. We weren't just coming up with something that was OK. It had to be absolutely audiophile quality.” The result was a ribbon microphone that uses a Linear Systems LSK389 monolithic dual n-channel JFET to amplify the signal. Cloud wanted a dual JFET that would provide common-mode rejection in his amplifier, and settled on the LSK389. “It's just the JFET that we like the best. The power requirements for the circuit are low. We tested all of them, and this is the one that seemed to give us the results we were looking for.”Wiley Ross, who runs the recording studio at the University of Arizona, is a big fan of the Cloud's gear. “I use the Cloudlifter almost always when recording from a passive microphone,” he wrote in a recent email to me.“I don't use it because I need the gain, I have plenty with my Millennia Media HV-3R, but because the sound is better; richer, more depth,” Ross wrote. “With the Cloudlifter Z it's like having your mic locker expand to do all the different sonic possibilities afforded.”Ross added that Cloud's JRS-34 is a “main-stay” ribbon microphone. “I love it on all wind and brass instruments. Listening tests with other fine ribbons with faculty, students, and staff confirm its superiority.” The Cloudlifter Using a JFET-based circuit wasn't an obvious solution at first, Cloud said. “We were looking at several options with the microphones, and I was the one who suggested that we try the JFET technology. We were also looking at chip-based technology, different ways we could activate the mic. One of the problems with a chip-based design was we were going to have to use a couple of nine-volt batteries. We just couldn't figure out a way to get it to work on the phantom.”Using the Linear Systems' LSK389, which combines ultra-low noise with low IDSS , enabled Cloud and Sank to build a phantom-powered active ribbon microphone. Cloud said the prototype of the active circuitry was set up in a test box to enable testing various microphones. “And it only took a few moments to realize that this box is cool. And that's how the Cloudlifter accidently came to be.”The Cloudlifter is the active part of the company's ribbon microphone broken out into a format that can be used with many microphones people already have, and it soon became the company's best-selling product. “It's a game-changer, or more accurately a 'gain-changer,' because it allows people to use microphones that they normally would not even consider for softer sources, acoustic instruments, because the problem in the past has always been defeating the noise floor of the preamplifier.”The Cloudlifter is a standalone product customers could use to boost the gain of other microphones. It plugs into the line coming from a microphone and uses any standard phantom powered microphone input device to provide up to 25dB of “ultra-clean, transparent gain.”The Cloudlifter is recommended for: recording direct into a digital audio workstation interface; working with noisy or low gain preamps; using mixers/preamps that impair the sound at higher gain settings; working with passive ribbon microphones or low-output dynamic microphones; capturing softer sound sources such as acoustic instruments and voice; and when using long cable runs.When Cloud and his colleagues were first designing the circuit, they used Toshiba JFETs. “We found out about Linear Systems' products so we tried and we compared it,” says Cloud. “We liked it better than Toshiba. It was still an improvement, and I liked what it did for the Cloudlifter — it seemed to drop the noise floor even further, which is always a good thing when you're dealing with really low-sensitivity microphones.”Cloud said that after sales increased for the Cloudlifter, it became too labor intensive to match the single LSK170 JFETs. “It was becoming almost a full-time job to hand-match these little JFETs, so we started looking at the duals, and we went to the surface-mount technology, and I've got to say the Linear Systems duals are awesome. We can't match them that closely by hand, and the failure rate of the entire card as a whole is less than one in a thousand now. And we couldn't achieve that making them by hand.”The common-mode rejection enables the Cloudlifter to “pass clean audio in the worst of circumstances, next to a radio tower, in EMI hell,” according to Cloud.

< Back Low Leakage Diodes Introduction In circuit designs for sensor signal conditioning, the design engineer must protect the input section from over current and over voltage conditions. Op amps, ADC analog inputs, analog multiplexers, and [RS485] line receivers represent classes of devices that need protection. Often, the manufacturers of such devices specify the acceptable input range for voltage, or, in the case of an overvoltage condition, the allowable input current above which semiconductor or bonding wires may be damaged. Read More

< Back LSJ689 App Note Introduction The dual monolithic P-channel LSJ689 is the complement to the N-channel LSK489. Both devices feature low offset, low noise and low capacitance. They enable the efficient implementation of fully complementary input stages without many of the device matching requirements when pairs of discrete devices are employed. Used alone, the LSJ689 also enables the implementation of more traditional differential input stages in applications where P-channel devices are preferred. Features of the LJ689 include: Low noise on the order of 2 nV/Hz Low gate-drain capacitance, typically 3pF Low gate leakage current typically 3pA (Vds = 15V, Id = 1mA) Breakdown voltage of 50V o IDSS range of 5-20 mA Typical transconductance of 3mS at Id = 1mA This note covers the full-complementary input stage application for the LSJ689 in combination with the LSK489. Read More

Linear Systems designs and manufactures the highest-performance line of monolithic dual JFETs in the industry. Contact us for a quote! Back LS844 Series ULTRA-LOW NOISE, LOW-DRIFT, MONOLITHIC DUAL N-CHANNEL JFET AMPLIFIER The LS844 Series Ultra-Low Noise, Low-Drift, Monolithic Dual N-Channel JFET Amplifier is a pin-for-pin replacement for the Fairchild, Motorola, National and Siliconix-Vishay part series. Available in the TO-71 6L, TO-78 6L, PDIP 8L and SOIC 8L RoHS package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: LS844 TO-71 6L RoHS LS845 TO-71 6L RoHS LS844 TO-78 6L RoHS LS845 TO-78 6L RoHS LS844 PDIP 8L RoHS LS845 PDIP 8L RoHS LS844 SOIC 8L RoHS LS845 SOIC 8L RoHS LS844 Die LS845 Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

CURRENT REGULATING DIODE < Back SST500 Series CURRENT REGULATING DIODE The SST500 Series Current Regulating Diode is a direct replacement for the Siliconix-Vishay SST500 Series. It is ideal for current-limiting and constant-current applications. It is available in the SOT-23 3L RoHS package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: SST500 SOT23 3L RoHS SST501 SOT23 3L RoHS SST502 SOT23 3L RoHS SST503 SOT23 3L RoHS SST504 SOT23 3L RoHS SST505 SOT23 3L RoHS SST506 SOT23 3L RoHS SST507 SOT23 3L RoHS SST508 SOT23 3L RoHS SST509 SOT23 3L RoHS SST510 SOT23 3L RoHS SST511 SOT23 3L RoHS J500 Die J501 Die J502 Die J503 Die J504 Die J505 Die J506 Die J507 Die J508 Die J509 Die J510 Die J511 Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

LOG CONFORMANCE, MONOLITHIC DUAL, PNP TRANSISTOR < Back LS358 LOG CONFORMANCE, MONOLITHIC DUAL, PNP TRANSISTOR The LS358 Log Conformance, Monolithic Dual, PNP Transistor is a direct replacement for Micro Power Systems MP358 Series. It is ideal for Log Conformance, Transistor Amplifier & Switching Applications. It is available the in TO-71 6L RoHS, TO-78 6L RoHS, PDIP 8L ROHS and SOIC 8L RoHS package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: LS358 TO-71 6L RoHS LS358 TO-78 6L RoHS LS358 PDIP 8L RoHS LS358 SOIC 8L RoHS LS358 Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes